![]() ![]() ![]() On January 4, Wainwright began retreating towards Bataan and three days later USAFFE forces were within the peninsula's defenses. Crossing the Pampanga River on January 1, the SLF moved towards Bataan while Wainwright desperately held a line between Borac and Guagua. Concerned about Wainwright's ability to keep the road to Bataan open, MacArthur directed Jones to move around Manila, which had been declared an open city, on December 30. To the south, Major General Albert Jones' Southern Luzon Force fared little better. Steadily pushed back, Wainwright retreated through a succession of defensive lines over the next week. Parker prepared the peninsula's defenses. Two days after the landings at Lingayen commenced, MacArthur invoked WPO-3 and began shifting supplies to Bataan while Major General George M. Coming ashore, elements of Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma's 14th Army began driving south against Major General Jonathan Wainwright's Northern Luzon Force. This was followed by a larger effort in the north at Lingayen Gulf on December 22. On December 12, Japanese forces began landing at Legaspi in southern Luzon. ![]()
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